Susan Bassnett |
為何意大利由巴洛克時期起已盛產炫技音樂家?
為何返始詠嘆調﹝da capo arias﹞要求歌手修飾自己的聲部?
為何協奏曲有華采樂段 ﹝cadenza﹞?
為何格魯克﹝Gluck﹞要改革歌劇?
為何華格納的腳本和音樂會寫成這樣?
原來都是源於德意兩國的文化傳統。
翻譯理論家蘇珊‧巴斯內特(Susan Bassnet)論劇場演出風格(theatrical acting styles) (試譯,附原文):
"德國傳統十分強調理智,因此傾向另一極端─以空間環境來加強文本的重要性。文本帶動演員,而不是演員帶動文本。讓個別演員炫技則是意大利的傳統,由是衍生另一種表演風格。戲劇文本變成演員的工具,仿如一件樂器;而戲劇演出則仿如配器,由許多不同樂器一同演奏。"
"The German tradition, which is more
intensely intellectual, tends to the opposite extreme -- the text acquires a
weightiness that the spatial context reinforces and it is the text that carries
the actor forward rather than the reverse. The Italian tradition of virtuosity
on the part of the individual actor creates yet another type of performance
style: the text of the play becomes the actor's instrument and the performance
of that play is an orchestration of many different instruments playing
together."
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